IELTS Vocabulary
Browse IELTS vocabulary with meanings, examples, sections, levels, and topic labels.
scientific consensus
The generally accepted position among scientists in a field, based on a large body of evidence.
traffic congestion
The condition of roads being so crowded with vehicles that movement is slow or stopped.
affordable housing
Housing that is reasonably priced in relation to average incomes, so that people on moderate or low earnings can afford it.
wage stagnation
A situation in which average wages remain unchanged or rise very slowly over a long period, often while the cost of living increases.
malnutrition
A condition caused by not getting enough food or not getting the right kind of food, leading to poor health.
automate routine tasks
To use machines or software to perform repetitive jobs that were previously done by people.
sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
foster creativity
To encourage and support the development of creative thinking and original ideas.
it is widely acknowledged that
A phrase used to introduce a fact or opinion that is accepted as true by most people.
strike a balance
To find a sensible middle point between two or more competing needs, demands, or extremes.
it is worth noting that
A phrase used to introduce an important point or fact that the speaker or writer considers significant.
shed light on
To make something clearer by providing new information or understanding.
mitigate
To make something less harmful, serious, or painful.
a slight dip
A small and temporary decrease in level, amount, or value.
social cohesion
The extent to which members of a society trust each other, share values, and cooperate.
economic interdependence
A situation in which two or more countries or economies rely on each other because of trade, investment, and financial flows.
environmental degradation
The process by which the natural environment is damaged, for example through pollution, deforestation, or loss of biodiversity.
educational attainment
The highest level of education that a person has successfully completed, such as secondary school, college, or university.
there is a growing body of evidence
An increasing amount of research or information supports a particular idea or conclusion.
outweigh
To be greater or more important than something else; to have more influence or effect.
draw a distinction
To explain the difference between two similar things, ideas, or categories.
evaluate evidence
To assess or judge the quality and relevance of evidence before making a decision or conclusion.
contributing factor
A fact or condition that plays a part in bringing about a particular result.
vary
To change or be different depending on the situation, place, or time.